WHERE clause and HAVING clause

A HAVING clause is like a WHERE clause, but applies only to groups as a whole, whereas the WHERE clause applies to individual rows. A query can contain both a WHERE clause and a HAVING clause. The WHERE clause is applied first to the individual rows in the tables . Only the rows that meet the conditions in the WHERE clause are grouped. The HAVING clause is then applied to the rows in the result set. Only the groups that meet the HAVING conditions appear in the query output. You can apply a HAVING clause only to columns that also appear in the GROUP BY clause or in an aggregate function


Where clause is used to filter records, having is used to filter groups.


Use HAVING instead of WHERE when you want to establish a condition that involves a grouping (aggregating) function. (Grouping functions are things like count(), max(), sum(), etc.)



The WHERE clause cannot contain aggregate functions. The HAVING clause can contain aggregate functions.


The WHERE clause specifies the criteria which individual records must meet to be selcted by a query. It can be used without the GROUP BY clause. The HAVING clause cannot be used without the GROUP BY clause.